When standing up, dominoes have gravitational potential energy which can be freed as they fall. Each block has a specific amount of this energy, called the edge score.
Once the tiles have been shuffled each player draws seven dominoes from the stock (or boneyard) and makes their first play according to the rules of that game.
Origin
Domino is an old-fashioned name that conveys a sense of authority and expertise. It’s also a popular nickname for several different businesses, organizations, and products that strive to project a sense of dominance and mastery.
It is widely believed that the earliest sets of dominoes were invented in China in the 12th century. However, many other cultures may have independently developed them at various times throughout history.
The term “domino” is a Latin word meaning dominicus, and its earlier sense included the long hooded cloak worn by French priests over their surplices. The game itself may have been introduced to Europe by Chinese merchants or by slaves transported from Africa to France. Either way, it didn’t arrive in the West until the 18th century.
Rules
There are a few basic rules that must be followed when playing domino. First, the players must thoroughly shuffle the dominoes before each game. Then, each player draws a number of tiles for their hand, which may be limited by the rules of the game being played. Any unused tiles should be returned to the stock and reshuffled before other players draw their hands.
If a player exposes a domino that they are not allowed to play on the first opportunity, the game is blocked and the winner of the blocked game scores the points of their opponents’ exposed dominoes. This type of mistake is referred to as Bogus Play and must be reported to a UDL Official.
Each player is permitted to play a piece in their turn, and must join the ends of the dominoes with matching numbers. If the domino is a double, it must be placed on one of the two open ends.
Variations
There are many variations of domino. Most are “block” games or scoring games. In block games, each player starts with a single domino that forms the end of a line. Players then take turns extending this line with matching tiles. A tile is a match if its pips add up to the value of the domino at the end of the line.
A double with the same value on both ends may be used as a “spinner,” which allows new dominoes to be played from all three sides of the tile. A spinner is normally played at a right angle to the rest of the line, which allows new dominoes to be placed on both open ends.
Other variations include matador, in which players try to make the total of all the ends a multiple of five, and muggins, in which the goal is to make a chain with all the pips on the board.
Materials
Many different materials have been used to make domino pieces over the years. In the past, they were most often made from animal bone (and ivory for wealthier players), but modern sets are often plastic or wood. The individual domino pieces are called tiles, and they typically feature a line down the center that divides them visually into two square halves. Each half is marked with a number of spots, or pips, that represent values from one to nine.
Some players prefer to use a domino rack, which helps keep the tiles from falling over during play. It’s also helpful to have a score pad and pencil for keeping track of scores. In addition, some players may want to have a carrying case for transporting and storing the dominoes between games.
Scoring
Players score points by playing a domino on the line if the ends of its matching doubles add up to a multiple of five. The player who plays a domino on the line wins the round. The remainder of the players’ dominoes are pushed aside and form the boneyard. If a player cannot make a play, they must draw from the boneyard until they can.
A dominoes game involves balancing the need to score throughout a hand with the need to get rid of difficult dominoes. This can be a challenge, and champion domino players understand and leverage this insight to maximize their scores. A running total of the players’ scores is usually kept on a cribbage board. A score of one point is awarded when the dominoes touch each other – for example, 6 touching 6. A double placed at right angles to the line counts both ends.